Introduction
to HTML
When
considering the reason behind HTML's design, one must ask a simple question:
Can you accurately determine the type of computers, screens, or browsers that
people will use to view your website? The answer is no. There are so many
different screen sizes, operating systems, color palettes, and other factors to
consider that developing software that works on all systems would be a
nightmare. Now imagine the challenge faced by Tim Berners-Lee, a researcher at
the CERN laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland. In 1989, Berners-Lee was tasked
with creating a hypertext delivery system that could serve as an interface for
scientific information and display it effectively on various platforms such as
Macintosh systems, NeXT Workstations, IBM PCs, and more.
Instead
of abandoning the project due to the disparities in screen compatibility,
Berners-Lee chose to create the initial editions of HTML. His focus was on
delivering the content and structure first, while leaving the presentation
aspect for later. This approach was logical considering that the intended users
of the environment were scientists seeking technical information, not
individuals interested in fancy fonts and graphic design. The responsibility of
presenting the information would be taken on by the browser.
HTML
was ultimately established as a utilization of Standard Generalized Markup
Language (SGML), which acts as a foundation for defining markup languages. The
essence of HTML as a structured language, rather than a presentation language,
largely stems from this association with SGML. There is no indication that the
initial creators of the Web were indifferent to presentation - numerous
indications suggest that they indeed considered it.
However, the goal of the project was to grow over time, so it was necessary to address foundational problems like network delivery, structure, and linking first. When it was first launched in late 1991, the Web expanded slowly. Its early iterations were distinguished by a textual interface that was ugly and a little challenging to use. However, a large portion of the Web's supporting infrastructure, such as HTTP, MIME, and basic HTML, existed long before the site gained popularity.
WEBSITE:
A
website, also written as web site, is a collection of related web pages,
including multimedia content, typically identified with a common domain name,
and published on at least one web server. A web site may be accessible via a
public Internet Protocol (IP) network, such as the Internet, or a private local
area network (LAN), by referencing a uniform resource locator (URL) that
identifies the site.
Websites
have many functions and can be used in various fashions; a website can be a
personal website, a commercial website for a company, a government website or a
non-profit organization website. Websites can be the work of an individual, a
business or other organization, and are typically dedicated to a particular
topic or purpose, ranging from entertainment and social networking to providing
news and education. All publicly accessible websites collectively constitute
the World Wide Web, while private websites, such as a company's website for its
employees, are typically a part of an intranet.
Web
pages, which are the building blocks of websites, are documents, typically
composed in plain text interspersed with formatting instructions of Hypertext
Markup Language (HTML, XHTML). They may incorporate elements from other
websites with suitable markup anchors. Web pages are accessed and transported
with the Hypertext Transfer Protocol(HTTP), which may optionally employ
encryption (HTTP Secure, HTTPS) to provide security and privacy for the user.
The user's application, often a web browser, renders the page content according
to its HTML markup instructions onto a display terminal.
Hyper
linking between web pages conveys to the reader the site structure and guides
the navigation of the site, which often starts with a home page containing a
directory of the site web content. Some websites require user registration or
subscription to access content. Examples of subscription websites include many
business sites, parts of news websites, academic journal websites, gaming
websites, file-sharing websites, message boards, web[1]based
email, social networking websites, websites providing real-time stock market
data, as well as sites providing various other services. As of 2016, end users
can access websites on a range of devices, including desktop and laptop
computers, tablet computers, smart phones and smart TVs.
A web
page (US spelling webpage or Web page) is a document that is suitable for the
World Wide Web and web browsers. A web browser displays a web page on a monitor
or mobile device. The web page is what displays, but the term also refers to a
computer file, usually written in HTML or comparable markup language. Web
browsers coordinate the various web resource elements for the written web page,
such as style sheets, scripts, and images, to present the web page.
Typical
web pages provide hypertext that includes a navigation bar or a side bar menu
to other web pages via hyperlinks, often referred to as links.
On a
network, a web browser can retrieve a web page from a remote web server. On a
higher level, the web server may restrict access to only a private network such
as a corporate intranet or it provides access to the World Wide Web. On a lower
level, the web browser uses the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to make such
requests.
A
static web page is delivered exactly as stored, as web content in the web
server's file system, while a dynamic web page is generated by a web
application that is driven by server-side software or client-side scripting.
Dynamic website pages help the browser (the client) to enhance the web page
through user input to the server.
The
Phases of Web Site Development
The
following are the Six basic phases of Web site development:
Information
Gathering/Analysis: Collect all the necessary information from
user regarding website.
Planning:
Setting goals, specifying content, organizing
content, and setting the user interface to navigate content. Planning is an
objective of each and every activity, where we want to discover things that
belong to the project. An important task in creating a software program is
extracting the requirements or requirements analysis from Customers.
Typically, customer have an abstract idea of
what they want as an end result but do not know what software should do. Once
the general requirements are gathered from the client, an analysis of the scope
of the development should be determined and clearly stated. This is often
called a scope document.
Design:
Once
the requirements are established, the design of the software can be established
in a software design document. This involves a preliminary, or high-level
design of the main modules with an overall picture (such as a block diagram) of
how the parts fit together. The language, operating system, and hardware
components should all be known at this time. Then a detailed or low-level
design is created, perhaps with prototyping as proof-of-concept or to firm up
requirements.
In this phase Creating content, implementing
navigation and the user interface, and coding the site, which may include HTML,
programming, and database development is decided.
Coding:
After
the design is get finalized, coding is done. Implementation is the part of the
process where software engineers actually program the code for the project.
Testing:
Software testing is an integral and important
phase of the software development process. This part of the process ensures
that defects are recognized as soon as possible. In some processes, generally
known as test-driven development, tests may be developed just before
implementation and serve as a guide for the implementation's correctness. Also
in this phase browser, and system testing is also checked for correctness.
Maintenance:
Maintaining
and enhancing software to cope with newly discovered faults or requirements can
take substantial time and effort, as missed requirements may force redesign of
the software. Maintaining and updating the site, questioning old goals, and
returning to the planning stage Each phase listed has distinct subphases that
can be expanded to provide more detail.